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Ichthyosis vulgaris
Ichthyosis vulgaris (also known as "Autosomal dominant ichthyosis,"〔 and "Ichthyosis simplex") is a skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin. It is the most common form of ichthyosis,〔Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.〕 affecting around 1 in 250 people.〔(www.ichthyosis.com )〕 For this reason it is known as common ichthyosis. It is usually an autosomal dominant inherited disease (often associated with filaggrin), although a rare non-heritable version called acquired ichthyosis exists.〔James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.〕
==Presentation==
The symptoms of the inherited form of ichthyosis vulgaris are not usually present at birth but generally develop between 3 months and 5 years of age.〔(''Ichthyosis vulgaris'' ), OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), Johns Hopkins University〕〔(''Ichthyosis vulgaris'' ), eMedicine.com〕 The symptoms will often improve with age, although they may grow more severe again in old age.〔("Ichthyosis vulgaris" ), MedlinePlus ''Medical Encyclopedia''.〕
The condition is not life-threatening; the impact on the patient, if it is a mild case, is generally restricted to mild itching and the social impact of having skin with an unusual appearance. People afflicted with mild cases have symptoms that include scaly patches on the shins, fine white scales on the forearms and upper arms, and rough palms. People with the mildest cases have no symptoms other than faint, tell-tale "mosaic lines" between the Achilles tendons and the calf muscles.
Severe cases, although rare, do exist. Severe cases entail the buildup of scales everywhere, with areas of the body that have a concentration of sweat glands being least affected. Areas where the skin rubs against each other, such as the armpits, the groin, and the "folded" areas of the elbow and knees, are less affected. When the buildup of scales is bad, the person with a severe case suffers from "prickly itch" when he or she needs to sweat but cannot because of the scales. Various topical treatments are available to "exfoliate" the scales. These include lotions that contain alpha-hydroxy acids.
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